Combination of colors

Results:

Improvements included

• Increased total testosterone level (432 to 681 mg/dL and 469 to 616.6 mg/dL)

• Increased Free testosterone (73 to 80 pg/mL and 45.7 to 164 pg/mL)

• Increased sperm concentration (35 million to 46 million)

• Increased total motile sperm (11.6 million to 106.6 million)

• Increased sperm motility (5% to 80%)

• Increased sperm morphology (4% to 7%)

• Reduced inflammation as measured by CRP (1.2 to 0.24 mg/L)

• Increased lean body mass (+8.6lbs)

• Improved sleep including latency, REM sleep and total sleep time as measured by Oura Ring

• Improved energy (self-reported)

• Decreased anxiety and depression as measured by GAD-7 and PHQ-9 questionnaires

Results:

In 3 months and sustained for over 2 years:

• Normalization of menstrual frequency (28-32 days)

• Resolution of ovulation pain and cramping

• Improved ovulation evidenced by increased cervical mucus and libido

• Decreased/resolved PMS duration and intensity of symptoms

• Decreased menstrual flow

• Decreased menstrual cramping

• Hormone balancing evidence by reduction in LH, normalization of LH/FSH ratio, and reduction in estradiol levels to support optimal levels for fertility. 

Other details:

• Over 2 years of care was included 

• When the patient stopped taking the maca formulation, symptoms worsened. 

• No adverse effects were experienced when taking maca

• Additional supplements included vitamin D, prenatal vitamin and fish oil. 

Results:

In 3 months:

• Resolution of severe emotions (depression with ruminating negative thoughts and suicidal ideation) experienced in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle

• Resolution of premenstrual headaches and fatigue

• Resolution of menstrual cramping

• Decreased menstrual flow

• LH reduced to normal levels, resulting in a normal FSH/LH ratio

Other details:

• Treatment included bioidentical progesterone therapy (for some of the months reported) and magnesium supplementation

• Improvements were reported to be maintained for three months without hormone therapy

• No adverse effects were experienced

Results:

• In four months, the patient experienced resolution of multiple PMS symptoms, including balanced moods, improved satiety, reduced cystic acne, and regulated bowel movements, as well as complete resolution of dysmenorrhea (menstrual pain and cramping), resolution of menorrhagia (as detailed by lighter menstrual cycles).

Other details:

• Was used in combination with Medicago sativa and magnesium.

• No adverse effects were experienced.

Results:

• Resolution of hot flashes and anxiety in two months, improved mood and sleep, as measured by the Kupperman’s Menopausal Index (KMI)

Other details:

• No adverse effects were experienced.

Results:

Trial 1: Maca-GO® group experienced:

• Significant decrease in BMI and LH levels (p<0.05)

• Significant increase in E2 (P<0.05)

• Significant reduction in T3, cortisol, ACTH (p<0.05)

• Significant increase in serum iron and plasma calcium levels (p<0.05)

• Significant decrease in menopausal symptoms (p<0.001)

Trial 2: Maca-GO® group experienced:

• An increase in forearm bone density in 4 months, whereas the placebo group had a reduction in bone density during the same time.

• An increase in E2

• A decrease in FSH

Abbreviations: ACTH: adrenocorticotropic hormone; BMI: body mass index; E2: estradiol; FSH: follicle-stimulating hormone; LH: luteinizing hormone; T3: triiodothyronine

Results:

Trial 1

• Significant increase in E2 (P<0.001)

• Significant decrease in FSH (p<0.05)

• Significant increase in HDL levels (p<0.05)

• Significant decrease in menopausal symptoms in one month (p<0.001) of treatment and further reduction in the second month of treatment, followed by an increase of symptoms when returning to placebo (p<0.001).

Trial 2

• Significant decrease in FSH and LH (p<0.05)

• Significant increase in E2 (p<0.05)

• Significant reduction in menopausal symptoms (p<0.001)

Abbreviations: E2: estradiol; FSH: follicle-stimulating hormone; LH: luteinizing hormone

Results:

After two months of use

• 95% of women involved in the study had improvements in menopausal symptoms as assessed by Kupperman’s Menopausal Index.

• Significant reduction in body weight, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p<0.05)

• Significant increase in HDL (p<0.01) and iron (p<0.05) levels

• Significant reduction in menopausal symptoms: hot flashes, excessive sweating, interrupted sleep (all at p<0.01), nervousness, depression, heart palpitation (all at p<0.05)

• Significant increase in E2, FSH, and PG (all at p<0.01)

• Significant reduction in ACTH (p<0.05)

Other details:

• Authors state the active constituents of Lepidium peruvianum including sterols, macaenes, macamides, glucosinolates, and alkaloids help support the regulation of ovarian function.

• Authors acknowledge that dosing needs can vary for each woman.

Abbreviations: ACTH: adrenocorticotropic hormone; E2: estradiol; FSH: follicle-stimulating hormone; LH: luteinizing hormone; PG: progesterone

Results:

In 2 and 8 months

• A significant decrease in FSH (P<0.05)

• A significant increase in LH (P<0.05)

• Significant reduction in menopausal symptoms in 2 and 8 months (p<0.05)

In month 8

• A significant increase in E2 and PG (P<0.05)

Other details:

• Authors state that active constituents of Lepidium peruvianum include sterols, macaenes, macamindes, glucosinolates, and alkaloids may be the reason for the improvements.

Abbreviations: E2: estradiol; FSH: follicle-stimulating hormone; LH: luteinizing hormone; PG: progesterone

Results:

Trial I: 28 days

• A significant reduction on body weight for male rats (p<0.001) at the high dose

• A significant increase in white blood cell and lymphocytes counts (p<0.001) at the low dose.

• A significant increase in lymphocyte counts, relative red cell decomposition index, and average volume of red blood cells (p<0.05) at the high dose.

• Significant decrease in cortisol levels with the low dose (p<0.001) and high dose (p<0.01).

• Significant decrease in triglycerides (p<0.05) with the high dose.

• Significant increase in estradiol levels (p<0.01) with the high dose.

• No histological changes were observed in either group.

Trial II: 90 days

• Both doses resulted in less weight gain for females and males compared to the control groups.

• No significant changes in blood morphology were observed with either dose.

• Significant decrease in cortisol with the low dose (p<0.05).

• Significant increase in blood glucose levels in female rats with the high dose (p<0.01).

• Significant increase in progesterone in female rats the high dose (p<0.05).

• No histological changes were observed in either group.

Results:

Toxicity:

• LD50 toxicity test demonstrated that >15 g/kg of body weight in mice and > 5 g/kg body weight in rats (the highest doses used in the study), did not result in any adverse effects. This is a much higher dose than would be administered in humans suggesting maca would not pose safety concerns for human consumption.

Ovarian Dysfunction:

• In ovariectomized rats, a reduction in estradiol, progesterone, cortisol, and ACTH levels were observed (p<0.05). No changes in cortisol or ACTH was observed in sham operated animals.

• In rats with functioning ovaries, a reduction in estradiol and an increase in progesterone was observed. (250mg/kg BW for 4 weeks)

• Ovariectomy resulted in lower TSH concentration and increased T3 levels. Maca-GO treated groups were able to counteract those changes.

• Maca-GO treated groups demonstrated anti-depressant effects and improvements in cognitive function.

• A slight reduction in total cholesterol and triglycerides was observed after 4 weeks of Maca-GO administration.

Results:

Experiment #1:

• Body weight increased in both groups.

• Weight of the testis and ventral prostate did not differ between the treated and control group.

• Weight of the seminal vesicles significantly increased in the maca fed group.

• Testosterone levels were significantly increased in the maca group at 14 weeks of age, compared to the control group. No differences in LH were observed.

• The number of Leydig cells nuclei did not differ between the two groups.

Experiment #2

• Cultured Leydig cells showed increase testosterone production in the maca fed group (p<0.05).